Give detailed examples, from at least three different kinds of dictionary, of

1.metadata;

2.types of lexical information for 3 different kinds of lexical entry.

1.1 Metadata: Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Major New Edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. (2001).

1.2
 

Compliance /k›m‡plai›ns/ N-UNCOUNT Compliance with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do [Formal] e.g. Inspectors were sent to visit nuclear sites and verify compliance with the treaty.

Compliance – orthography (appearance)

/k›m‡plai›ns/ - pronunciation (appearance)

N-UNCOUNT – grammatical information and POS (structure)

Compliance with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do – definition (meaning)

[Formal] – Usage (meaning)

e.g. Inspectors were sent to visit nuclear sites and verify compliance with the treaty. - contextual definition (meaning)

extensive /ikstensiv/ adj.-graded 1. something that is extensive covers or includes a large physical area 2. ... 3. ... e.g. ...an extensive tour of Latin America...

extensive – orthography (appearance)

/ikstensiv/ - pronunciation (appearance)

adj.-graded - grammatical information and POS (structure)

1. something that is extensive covers or includes a large physical area 2. ... 3. ... - definition (meaning)

e.g. ...an extensive tour of Latin America... - contextual definition (meaning)

grieve /gri:v/ (grieves, grieving, grieved) Verb, Vprep, V, V-ing 1. if you grieve over something, especially someone"s death, you feel very said about it 2. ... e.g. He"s grieving over his dead wife and son.

Grieve – orthography (appearance)

/gri:v/ - pronunciation (appearance)

(grieves, grieving, grieved) Verb, Vprep, V, V-ing – grammatical information and POS (structure)

1. if you grieve over something, especially someone"s death, you feel very said about it 2. ... - definition (meaning)

e.g. He"s grieving over his dead wife and son. - contextual definition (meaning)

2.1 Metadata: Collins Concise Thesaurus. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. (2004)

2.2
 

God =deity, immortal, divinity, divine being, supreme being

God related words: divine

god – orthography (appearance)

=deity, - Key synonym (meaning)

immortal, divinity, divine being, supreme being – other synonyms (meaning)

God – orthography (appearance)

divine – related word (meaning)

meaningless =nonsensical, senseless, inconsequential, inane, insubstantial, Opposite: worthwhile

meaningless – orthography (appearance)

=nonsensical, - key synonym (meaning)

senseless, inconsequential, inane, insubstantial – other synonyms (meaning)

worthwhile – opposite/antonym (meaning)

muzzle 1 noun

muzzle 2 verb, =suppress, silence, curb, restrain, choke, gag, stifle, censor, e.g. He complained of being muzzled by the chairman.

muzzle 1 noun

muzzle 2 – orthography (appearance)

verb – POS (structure)

=suppress, - key synonym (meaning)

silence, curb, restrain, choke, gag, stifle, censor – other synonyms (meaning)

e.g. He complained of being muzzled by the chairman. - contextual definition (meaning)

3.1 The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. Edited by Speake, J. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1999)

3.2

 

take someone ABACK shock, surprise, or disconcert someone The frequently used passive form of the phrase (be taken aback) was adopted (M19) from earlier (M18) nautical terminology, describing the situation of a ship with its sails pressed back against the mast by a headwind, preventing forward movement.

take someone ABACK – orthography (appearance)

shock, surprise, or disconcert someone – definition (meaning)

The frequently used passive form of the phrase (be taken aback) was adopted (M19) from earlier (M18) nautical terminology, describing the situation of a ship with its sails pressed back against the mast by a headwind, preventing forward movement. - Etymology (meaning)

CUT no ice - have no influence or effect; informal; L19 US slang in origi, Almost always in negative contexts; the positive cut (some) ice is less frequent; e.g. 1973 J. Porter – It"s Murder with Dover vii. 63: MacGregor remembered...that logical argument didn"t cut much ice with Dover and he abandoned it.

CUT no ice – orthography (appearance)

have no influence or effect – definition (meaning)

informal – usage/style (meaning)

L19 US slang in origin – etymology/origin (meaning)

Almost always in negative contexts; the positive cut (some) ice is less frequent – usage (meaning)

e.g. 1973 J. Porter – It"s Murder with Dover vii. 63: MacGregor remembered...that logical argument didn"t cut much ice with Dover and he abandoned it. - contextual definition (meaning)

JOB see make the BEST of it

JOB – orthography (appearance)

see make the BEST of it – cross-reference (meaning)

back to the beginning

* * *

Create definitions by nearest kind and specific differences for:

hip-hop – a popular urban youth culture, closely associated with rap music and with the style and fashions of African-American inner-city residents.

nearest kind – culture

specific differences – a popular urban youth ...., closely associated with rap music and with the style and fashions of African-American inner-city residents

love – A deep, tender, ineffable feeling of affection and solicitude toward a person.

nearest kind – feeling

specific differences – a deep, tender, ineffable .... of affection and solicitude towards a person

lasagna – Pasta in flat, very wide strips.

nearest kind – pasta

specific differences – ...in flat, very wide strips

back to the beginning

* * *

Describe in detail what is the reality and what are artefacts in:

3 of the models discussed in the section of models:

Kate Moss – she stands for the perfect woman but her artefacts may be drugs, alcohol, etc.

train model – it stands for a real train, it represents its basic real featrues, but is an idealized and stylized version of the real train; his artefacts are that it is small, does not move with petrol, coals or electricity, people cannot get on it

picture – pictures present real things and people in a stylized way; their artefacts are the paper, the small format which are not shared with reality

in the text model given in the Text Theory introduction:

The reality of the text model is the idealized representation of the meaning, structure and appearance. The artefacts are the media through which we can observe this model or the paper on which it is put down.

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