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Автор: pkarpuzov
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11.11.2006 18:33 - LEARNER'S DIARY: LECTURE 5
Автор: pkarpuzov Категория: Технологии   
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Последна промяна: 02.02.2007 02:50


 

Lecture №5: Lexicon Data and Their Structure, By Thorsten Trippel

Sixth Session: 21.11.2006

Summary of the session: *-*

Quizzes: *-*

Homework: *-*

 

GO TO THE NEXT LECTURE: Lecture 6 *-*

This lecture was conducted by Mr Thorsten Trippel who substituted for Pr Gibbon only on that day.

 

Summary of the session:

  • This session is more or less a revision of what we have done with Mr Gibbon so far but from a different point of view. Besides, Mr Trippel introduced some new concepts and terms.

  • Overview of the session

  • LEXICON DATABASE STRUCTURES

    • Microstructure: 1. number of lexicon articles/entries/records 2. order of DATCAT

    • Mesostructure: 1. Interrelation of lexicon entries 2. relation to external information

    • Macrostructure: 1. Order of lexicon entries 2. selection of sort key 3. sorting order not trivial

  • LEXICON MICROSTRUCTURE

    • words (most): for instance, in a pictorial dictionary there are no words but pictures

    • grammatical information: POS, inflectional class, valence, etc.

    • representation of meaning: semantics, definition

    • corpus reference: usage examples

  • DETOUR: corpus

    • collection of language material: texts, speech

    • with additional information: POS, lemma, transcription/annotation

    • with a specific structure: interlinear glossing, special make-up

  • TYPES OF LEXICON

    • semasiological lexicons – a form is mapped on its semantics

    • onomasiological lexicons – a meaning is mapped on its form (Thesaurus or Termbases)

  • Other types of lexicons:

    • word frequency lexicon – the most frequent one is first

    • lexicon of phrasal verbs – by part of speech and a special structure

    • rhyming lexicon – by word ending

    • picture lexicon – by prototype (models of what we know in the real world)

  • Problematic issues in lexicography

    • ambiguity:

      • synonyms – two word forms, same meaning

      • polysemy – one word form, two (or more) slightly different meanings

      • homonyms – one word form, meaning completely different

    • search word:

      • languages with inflectional prefixes

      • orthographic ambiguity

      • picture lexicons?

    • language change:

      • “new” words

      • new meaning

  • Solutions to the problems:

    • ambiguity: enumeration

    • search word: arbitrary definition

    • language change: new edition

    • more fundamental solution

  • LEXICON CREATION

  • methods of creating lexicons

    • introspection

    • questionnaire

    • corpus

  • Introspection based lexicon creation:

    • “look inside” - by trained linguists

    • reflecting one"s one language use

    • social filter: relevance (which words are used: swearwords, taboo words), importance, adequacy

  • Questionnaire based lexicon creation:

    • in comparative linguistics

    • typology

    • unknown languages

    • requirements and limitations

  • Example Questionnaire:

    • asking questions for translation, explanation

    • social filter apply

  • Corpus based lexicon creation:

    • “reflect the evidence”: include words found, exclude items not in the corpus

    • based on corpora: list all words (wordlist), words in context (concordance), distribution analysis (HMM)

    • flat tabular lexicon: only two columns

    • generalizations in the lexicon

    • declarative lexicons

  • Corpus based lexicon creation application:

    • SIL TOOLBOX

    • interlinearization of text: one line “base” text, one line gloss, one line morphology

back to the beginning



Quizzes:

No quizzes today!

back to the beginning



Homework:

No homework for today!

back to the beginning


GO TO THE NEXT LECTURE: Lecture 6 *-*




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